''Herut'' ( he, חרות, lit. ''Freedom'') was the name of four newspapers published in

Palestine __NOTOC__ Palestine may refer to: * State of Palestine, a state in Western Asia * Palestine (region), a geographic region in Western Asia * Palestinian territories, territories occupied by Israel since 1967, namely the West Bank (including East ...

and later

Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

. The first was established in

Jerusalem Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...

during the

Ottoman era The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

, two were journals of the

Irgun Irgun • Etzel , image = Irgun.svg , image_size = 200px , caption = Irgun emblem. The map shows both Mandatory Palestine and the Emirate of Transjordan, which the Irgun claimed in its entirety for a future Jewish state. The acronym "Etzel" i ...

, whilst the fourth was owned by the

Herut Herut ( he, חֵרוּת, ''Freedom'') was the major conservative nationalist political party in Israel from 1948 until its formal merger into Likud in 1988. It was an adherent of Revisionist Zionism. History Herut was founded by Menachem Begin ...

political party founded by former Irgun members.

Jerusalem newspaper

In 1909 a weekly newspaper by the name of ''Ha-Herut'' was established in 1909 by

Avraham Elmalih Avraham Elmalih ( he, אברהם אלמליח, 1885''Encyclopaedia Judaica'', 1971 Edition, Volume 6, page 682. – 2 April 1967) was a journalist, Zionist activist and Israeli politician. Biography Born in Jerusalem, Elmalih was educated in ...

, later a member of the

Knesset The Knesset ( he, הַכְּנֶסֶת ; "gathering" or "assembly") is the unicameral legislature of Israel. As the supreme state body, the Knesset is sovereign and thus has complete control of the entirety of the Israeli government (with ...

for the

Sephardim and Oriental Communities Sephardim and Oriental Communities ( he, סְפָרַדִּים וְעֵדוֹת מִזְרָח, ''Sfaradim VeEdot Mizrah'') was a political party in Israel and is one of the ancestors of the Likud party. History The Sephardim and Oriental Commun ...

party. Initially edited by Haim Ben-Atar, it was considered to be the mouthpiece of the city's

Sephardi Sephardic (or Sephardi) Jews (, ; lad, Djudíos Sefardíes), also ''Sepharadim'' , Modern Hebrew: ''Sfaradim'', Tiberian Hebrew, Tiberian: Səp̄āraddîm, also , ''Ye'hude Sepharad'', lit. "The Jews of Spain", es, Judíos sefardíes (or ), ...

community.The Israeli Press
Jewish Virtual Library It became a daily newspaper in 1912, and was edited by Elmalih between 1914 and 1919, being the only Hebrew newspaper to appear regularly during

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

Irgun newspaper

Herut was established as the journal of the Irgun in 1942, with its first edition published on 10 March that year. It was published at least once a month on four pages, and was sent by mail to private addresses, as well as being pasted on walls in public areas. The paper took a Revisionist slant on problems in the

yishuv Yishuv ( he, ישוב, literally "settlement"), Ha-Yishuv ( he, הישוב, ''the Yishuv''), or Ha-Yishuv Ha-Ivri ( he, הישוב העברי, ''the Hebrew Yishuv''), is the body of Jewish residents in the Land of Israel (corresponding to the s ...

, but also included coded messages to members of the Irgun underground. For that reason, the British authorities followed the newspaper closely, with a full English translation sent to the

Foreign Secretary The secretary of state for foreign, Commonwealth and development affairs, known as the foreign secretary, is a minister of the Crown of the Government of the United Kingdom and head of the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. Seen as ...

in November 1943. The ninety-ninth and last edition of the paper was published on 10 June 1948, though publication of a separate ''Herut'' journal continued in Jerusalem during June and July that year, with the city cut off from the rest of the country by the

siege A siege is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition warfare, attrition, or a well-prepared assault. This derives from la, sedere, lit=to sit. Siege warfare is a form of constant, low-intensity con ...

and the local Irgun not having been absorbed into the

IDF IDF or idf may refer to: Defence forces * Irish Defence Forces * Israel Defense Forces *Iceland Defense Force, of the US Armed Forces, 1951-2006 * Indian Defence Force, a part-time force, 1917 Organizations * Israeli Diving Federation * Interac ...

Herut daily

In 1948 a new daily newspaper associated with the

party (with which it shared its name) was launched by former journalists of ''

HaMashkif ''HaMashkif'' (, lit. ''The Observer'') was a Hebrew language daily newspaper in Mandatory Palestine. Published between 1938 and 1948, it was owned by Hatzohar, the Revisionist Zionism, Revisionist party. The newspaper was established in 1938 in T ...

'', the

Hatzohar Hatzohar (, an acronym for ''HaTzionim HaRevizionistim'' (), lit. ''The Revisionist Zionists''), officially Brit HaTzionim HaRevizionistim (, lit. ''Union of Revisionist Zionists'') was a Revisionist Zionism, Revisionist Zionist organization and L ...

-affiliated newspaper, including Izik Ramba, who was its editor from 1957 onwards. Its journalists included

Yoel Marcus Yoel Marcus () (5 February 1932 – 23 February 2022) was an Israeli journalist and political commentator. Biography Marcus was born in Istanbul on 5 February 1932. At the age of eleven, he immigrated to Mandatory Palestine alone with Youth Aliy ...

, Dan Margalit, Eitan Haber,

Shlomo Nakdimon Shlomo (, Polish: Szlomo, Szlama, Szlamek, Szloma), meaning "peaceable", is a common Hebrew male given name. The following individuals are often referred to only by the name Shlomo: * Solomon, king of ancient Israel, according to various religiou ...

Ze'ev Galili Ze'ev ( he, זאב \ זְאֵב ''zeév''), also spelled Zeev or Zev, is a name of Hebrew origin which means wolf. The given name is a masculine form used among Ashkenazi Jews. It is a Biblical name, adapted from a reference to Benjamin in Genesi ...

Amos Keinan Amos Kenan ( he, עמוס קינן), also Amos Keinan, (May 2, 1927 – August 4, 2009) was an Israeli columnist, painter, sculptor, playwright and novelist. Biography Amos Levine (later Kenan) was born in south Tel Aviv. His parents were ...

, Uzi Benziman,

Eliyahu Matza Eliyahu Matza (4 January 1935 – 29 October 2021) was an Israeli judge. He was a justice of the Supreme Court of Israel ar, المحكمة العليا , image = Emblem of Israel dark blue full.svg , imagesize = 100px , captio ...

Dan Levin Dan or DAN may refer to: People * Dan (name), including a list of people with the name ** Dan (king), several kings of Denmark * Dan people, an ethnic group located in West Africa **Dan language, a Mande language spoken primarily in Côte d'Ivoi ...

Aryeh Naor Miriam Naor ( he, מרים נאור) (26 October 1947 – 24 January 2022) was an Israeli judge who was President of the Supreme Court of Israel from January 2015 to October 2017. Naor retired at the end of October 2017 upon reaching the mandato ...

and

Moshe Katsav Moshe Katsav ( he, מֹשֶׁה קַצָּב; born 5 December 1945) is an Israeli former politician who was the eighth President of Israel from 2000 to 2007. He was also a leading Likud member of the Israeli Knesset and a minister in its cabine ...

. Chief editors included

Shmuel Merlin Shmuel Merlin ( he, שמואל מרלין , 1910 – 4 October 1994) was a Revisionist Zionist activist, Irgun member and Israeli politician. Biography Merlin was born in Kishinev in the Russian Empire (now Moldova), where he attended high schoo ...

, a Herut Knesset member.Shmuel Merlin
Knesset website In 1965 the Herut party allied with the

Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. __TOC__ Active liberal parties This is a li ...

. The Herut newspaper was merged with the '' HaBoker'' newspaper owned by the

General Zionists The General Zionists ( he, הַצִיּוֹנִים הַכְּלָלִיים, translit. ''HaTzionim HaKlaliym'') were a centrist Zionist movement and a political party in Israel. The General Zionists supported the leadership of Chaim Weizmann an ...

faction of the Liberal Party, to form '' HaYom'', which ceased publication four years later.

References

External links

''Herut''
at

Historical Jewish Press Historical Jewish Press is an online archive of historical newspapers written and published by Jews. The database enables, through digitization, virtual access to the Hebrew press in most of its years of existence, starting from mid 19th Century to ...

{{Newspapers in Israel 1948 establishments in Israel 1965 disestablishments in Israel Hebrew-language newspapers Newspapers established in 1909 Newspapers established in 1942 Publications disestablished in 1948 Publications established in 1948 Publications disestablished in 1965 Defunct newspapers published in Israel Mass media in Jerusalem Newspapers published in Mandatory Palestine 1909 establishments in the Ottoman Empire Revisionist Zionism